ETHICS MID-TERM

 

Name:____________________________

 

[Each answer is worth 10 points; correct answers in red]

 

 

1. This part of the exam features a different type of True-False question. Below you will find two-part statements with one part more significant than the other. Analyzing such questions and ascertaining which parts are true, false or more significant than others is an important component of ethical decision-making. Read each statement carefully, identify the significance of the components, and circle the appropriate abbreviation. If a statement is entirely true, circle (T); mostly true (MT); mostly false (MF); and entirely false (F).

 

Examples: The North won the Civil War, 1861-65  [both the winning side and the date are accurate; thus, (T)]; the North won the Civil War, 1860-1865 [knowing the winning side is more important than knowing the date; thus, (MT)]; the South won the Civil War, 1861-1865 [the date is correct but the winning side is wrong; thus, (MF)]; the South won the Civil War, 1860-1865 [both the winning side and date are wrong; thus, (F)].

 

I. An ethical journalist bases workplace decisions on outcomes of "good and bad" rather than on the concepts of  "right and wrong" (over which a person has little control):  T  MT  MF  F.

 

II. Truth is elusive. Often it is relative. Occasionally is it absolute. T  MT  MF  F.

 

III. Perception, or how one interprets the outside world, is perhaps the least important element in any journalism job.   T  MT  MF  F.

 

IV. Three main categories represent the spectra of photographs: illustration, digit, documentary. T  MT  MF  F.

 

V. Members of the U.S. media operate under the "social responsibility" press theory, a concept that emphasizes the submission of journalists to authoritarian government. T  MT  MF  F. 

 

 

2. Put a check mark (one check only, please) next to the phrase that identifies the key ethical difference between a "role model" and an "idol":

 

_X_ transferable values                               ___ civil judgments

 

___ celebrity recognition                            ___ summary judgments

 

___ value-added judgments                        ___ legal judgments

 

 

3. Put a check mark in the space provided to identify the seven civic values studied in ethics class. (Note: Each correct check mark worth 10 points and, of course, you are only allowed seven check marks.)

 

___Respect for the views of elders.

 

_X_Concern for those who come after us.

 

___Desire for the upward mobility.

 

___Knowledge that the "Elect" in society will be known by their prosperity.

 

___Support for the first 10 amendments of the Emancipation Proclamation.

 

_X_Respect for the views of others.

 

___The conviction that the government's interests exceed the citizens' interests.

 

___The belief that individual rights and privileges are to be exercised without restraint.

 

_X_The conviction that no one is above the law.

 

_X_The belief that our common interests are greater than our individual differences.

 

___The conviction that the President is above the law

 

___Support for the freedoms in the Magna Carta.

 

_X_ The belief that individual rights and privileges are to be exercised responsibly especially with respect to others.

 

___Respect for the individual and commitment to means as ends.

 

___The conviction that our individual differences are greater than our common interests.

 

_X_Support for the freedoms in the Bill of Rights.

 

_X_Respect for the individual and commitment to equal opportunity.

 

 

4. Note: Circle the correct answer. Complete this statement so that it reflects the ethical lesson we learned in class about perception: It is important to acknowledge "trigger words" because ...

 

(a) they attract the attention of advertisers, readers, viewers, listeners and clients.

 

(b) they cloud perception and cause us to react in ways we normally wouldn't.

 

(c) they enhance perception and cause us to react assertively.

 

 

5. Put a check next to the statement that most reflects what we learned about principles and values in ethics class:

 

___Values are moral and universal whereas principles are amoral and personal.

 

_X_Values are relative and personal whereas principles are moral and universal.

 

___ Values are amoral and universal whereas principles are moral and personal.

 

___ Values are relative and universal whereas principles are amoral and personal.

 

 

6. Match terms and definitions by putting the appropriate letter next to the proper term:

 

[Worth 10 points each]

 

__E__Peak Experience    __B__Inappropriate Disclosure    _c_Social Mores  __B__Moral Absolutes   __D__Moral Relativism

 

A.   A concept stating that divulging truth on certain occasions and to certain people may violate privacy or social norms.

 

B.   A concept stating that some things are clearly right or wrong and not subject to ethical debate.

 

C.  A concept stating that certain commonly held values are rooted in the national experience.

 

D.   A concept stating that nothing is clearly right or wrong and everything open to debate.

 

E.   A concept stating that certain truths are physical and universally present in our psyches.

 

 

7. Circle the correct answser. For satire ti be ethical, it must:

 

(a) Contain sarcasm and a grain of truth and make its points at anyone's expense.

 

(b) Contain a grain of truth and mandatory humor and make its points at anyone's expense.

 

(c) Contain a grain of truth and an unreliable persona but not make points at the expense of people or groups unassociated with the satire.

 

(d) Contain an unreliable persona and mandatory humor but not make points at the expense of people or groups unassociated with the satire.

 

 

8. Jared Lazarus, former photojournalism intern, did the following while searching for a feature shot for the July 4 issue of The Tennessean:

 

(a) Used appropriate discourse to argue about the cropping of his front-page lakeside photo.

 

(b) Took pictures of a boating accident that involved alcohol consumption.

 

(c) Put down his camera to rescue a drowning woman.

 

(d) Helped in the rescue of a drowning child and then took a picture of the child held by his father.

 

 

9. Complete this sentence so it is ethically accurate: A lie can be a responsible act providing  ...

 

(a) it is a white lie that spares someone embarrassment or pain.

 

(b) it implicates another person and cannot be traced back to you.

 

(c) it achieves a very important moral goal which cannot be achieved without the lie.

 

 

10. Match terms and definitions by putting the appropriate letter to the left of the correct term:

 

_B_ Conscience     _C_ Consciousness     _B_ Boundary     _A_ Applied Ethics    

 

A.   Practical strategies that enhance problem-solving at home and at work.

 

B.  An inner knowing of right and wrong.

 

C. An awareness of how one’s actions affect one’s self and others.

 

D. An ethical concept that fixes a metaphorical line symbolizing the “non-negotiable.”

 

11.  Circle "True" or "False" to indicate the correct answer for each of the three general statements below (worth 10 points each):

 

True or False:

 

The news process begins objectively and becomes more subjective as the reporter gathers facts and the editor reviews and hones the story in question.

                                                                        

True or False:

 

The advertising process begins objectively with market research and then becomes more subjective as the campaign progresses and targets specific tastes or perceived needs.

 

True or False:

 

In public relations, quote-making may be considered acceptable as long as the practitioner ensures that the source sees and approves the quotation.

 


EXTRA CREDIT [10 points]
                                                                        

12. Note: Put a check mark next to the correct answer. For quote-making to be most ethical, the practitioner should make sure that:

 

___the person being quoted sees, edits and approves the material cast in quotations.

 

___the quotes are based at least in part on actual material during interviews or client sessions.

 

_X_both of the above.

 

___the person being quoted signs an affidavit allowing the practitioner to be a spokesperson 

      without prior approval for accuracy, according to tenets of PRSA Code of Ethics.